Low temperatures refer to temperatures that are significantly below room temperature, typically ranging from near 0°C to -273°C (absolute zero). Low temperature research involves studying the physical, chemical, and biological properties of materials and systems at these low temperatures. This research area is important in various scientific disciplines such as physics, chemistry, material science, and biology, as it helps in understanding the behavior of different materials and phenomena under extreme cold conditions. Low temperature research has applications in fields such as cryogenics, superconductivity, and quantum computing.